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Aside from a single RCT all other studies were observational (n=25) or case series (n=36).
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31 studies reported on imaging modality, 51 studies reported treatment modality. Main outcome measures The role of imaging, radiologically guided aspiration and surgical drainage in DNSIs. Participants All adult patients with a deep neck space infection. Setting Secondary or Tertiary Care centres that undertook management of Deep Neck Space Infections. A qualitative narrative synthesis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. Quantitative analysis was undertaken with descriptive statistics and frequency synthesis with 2 independent reviewers. Databases searched included AMED, Embase, Medline and HMIC. The search was limited to English language only. All studies from 2000 that reported the investigation or management of DNSI were included. Objectives To summarise current practices in the diagnosis and management of Deep Neck Space Infections (DNSIs) To inform future studies in developing a framework in the management of DNSIs Design This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021226449) and reported in line with PRISMA guidelines. High levels of pain in pregnancy, high number of positive provocative tests, history of LBP / LPP, high levels of disability in pregnancy, neurosis and high levels of Fear Avoidance Belief are main predictors of PPGP. Finally, in-depth qualitative analysis was conducted, since due to high degree of heterogeneity in the data collection of the included studies and lack of raw data suitable for quantitative analysis, it was not possible to carry out the originally assumed meta-analyzes for subgroups. Two independent authors then performed an evaluation of the ROB using the QUIPS tool. Two authors independently selected studies excluding specific, traumatic, gynecological / urological cause PGP or isolated PLBP and studies that did not include the primary outcome (presence / absence of PGP) studies with an initial assessment in pregnancy / within one month of delivery and with at least a follow-up at least 3 months after delivery were included. The research was performed on the databases ofMedline, Cochrane, Pedro, Scopus, Web of Science and Chinal from December 2018 to January 2022 following the indications of the PRISMA statement 2009 - and updated according to the PRISMA 2020- including observational cohort studies and prospective questionnaires in English. Our review want to identify most incident risk factors that determine the persistence of PGP at 3-6 months after childbirth in women with PPGP or PPGP and PLBP, because of about 1/3 does not recover after childbirth and continues to experience symptoms after three months and in some cases up to two years. We show that in low-dimensional and nonconvex subproblems, the exploration-exploitation trade-offs of DFO solvers can be leveraged to converge faster and to a better solution than in distributed optimization We compare the performance of our framework using different DFO solvers (CUATRO, Py-BOBYQA, DIRECT-L, GPyOpt) against conventional distributed optimization (ADMM) on three case studies: collaborative learning, facility location, and multi-objective blending. This approach updates the coordinated, or shared, variables based on derivative-free optimization (DFO) using only coordinated variables to agent-level optimal subproblem evaluation ‘data’. We propose a ‘data-driven’ coordination framework which manages to recover the same optimum as the equivalent centralized formulation while allowing coordinating agents to retain autonomy, privacy, and flexibility over their own objectives, constraints, and variables. While decomposition techniques in mathematical programming are usually designed for numerical efficiency, coordination problems within enterprise-wide optimization are often limited by organizational rather than numerical considerations. These findings may shed light on optimal control of granular secondary flows and mixing by tuning the applied pressure and particle shape. The highest mixing rate under a specified pressure is obtained for cubic particles, due to the remarkable microstructural ordering near the boundaries causing a high gradient of packing density. Particle mixing is promoted by the vortex flow or the disturbed flow with strong diffusion. Our results show that the flow patterns are essentially determined by a dimensionless term combining the pressure and granular temperature for all the spherical and Platonic particles explored. The threshold pressure, at which vortex flow transitions to disturbed or chaotic flow, depends on particle shape, that influences interparticle contacts and rheological performance. We demonstrate, using particle dynamics simulations, that the secondary flow patterns are controlled by a pressure exerted on the particle bed. Granular materials exhibit unique secondary flow behaviors upon shearing.